《上海宣言》《促進(jìn)南南和三方水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展合作的倡議》共同呼吁全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)

發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021/10/01 14:03:07 來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部瀏覽次數(shù):1667

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9月22日~24日，由中國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織和亞太區(qū)域水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖中心網(wǎng)共同主辦的第四屆全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖大會(huì)在上海市召開，會(huì)上來自全球120個(gè)國家，2000多位代表，通過線上、線下的方式，對《上海宣言》的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了充分討論。大會(huì)一致同意通過《上海宣言》，近期將由聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織用英語、法語、漢語、俄語、西班牙語、阿拉伯語等6種語言同步在全球發(fā)布。

《上海宣言》由聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織起草，分為序言、愿景和承諾、戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)、行動(dòng)計(jì)劃等四部分，其中包括5個(gè)方面承諾，分別是促進(jìn)負(fù)責(zé)任水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展、促進(jìn)良好治理和增強(qiáng)伙伴關(guān)系、分享知識(shí)和技術(shù)、加強(qiáng)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖創(chuàng)新和科研投入、搭建可持續(xù)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖的公共交流平臺(tái)；10項(xiàng)戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，分別為提高水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖對可持續(xù)糧食系統(tǒng)的貢獻(xiàn)、推動(dòng)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖與其他行業(yè)和部門協(xié)同發(fā)展、增加生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能、改善生物多樣性和降低碳足跡、促進(jìn)體面工作、兩性平等、青年參與、土著人參與、響應(yīng)全球性問題、加強(qiáng)數(shù)據(jù)分析和監(jiān)測。

作為大會(huì)重要成果文件，《上海宣言》全面響應(yīng)聯(lián)合國《2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程》提出的消除饑餓、實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食安全、改善營養(yǎng)狀況和促進(jìn)可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)等可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，系統(tǒng)回答了“水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖如何為可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)作出貢獻(xiàn)，水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖在未來10年走向如何，我們?nèi)绾尾拍茏龅剿a(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展”等關(guān)鍵性問題，對促進(jìn)全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。

9月24日，由中國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部主辦的促進(jìn)可持續(xù)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展的南南和三方合作高端圓桌會(huì)議同期在上海市召開。會(huì)議期間，中方發(fā)起《促進(jìn)南南和三方水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展合作的倡議》。與會(huì)各方對《倡議》積極響應(yīng)、廣泛支持，聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織對會(huì)議成功舉辦給予高度評價(jià)。

《倡議》中文版、英文版全文如下。

中文版：

促進(jìn)南南和三方水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展合作的倡議

中華人民共和國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部于2021年9月24日在中國上海舉行南南和三方合作高端圓桌會(huì)議，旨在通過各方交流合作促進(jìn)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展，響應(yīng)聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織“手拉手”倡議，為聯(lián)合國2030可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的如期實(shí)現(xiàn)做出貢獻(xiàn)。

憶及，1995年聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織通過《負(fù)責(zé)任漁業(yè)行為守則》、2015年9月25日聯(lián)合國通過《2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程》以及2021年聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織通過《2021年漁業(yè)委員會(huì)可持續(xù)漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖宣言》的重要作用，上述文書指導(dǎo)我們推動(dòng)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

認(rèn)識(shí)到，作為重要的產(chǎn)業(yè)部門，水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖不僅在各級糧食安全、營養(yǎng)戰(zhàn)略中扮演中堅(jiān)角色，還在社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、性別平等、就業(yè)和可持續(xù)的生物多樣性利用中發(fā)揮著重要作用。2019年全球魚產(chǎn)品總產(chǎn)量1.78億噸，其中水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)量8530萬噸，其超過50%直接供人類消費(fèi)。促進(jìn)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，有助于消除全球貧窮和饑餓、提供優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白和微量營養(yǎng)素、推動(dòng)糧食體系轉(zhuǎn)型、鼓勵(lì)小規(guī)模水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展、助力實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和與循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。

注意到，全球氣候變化、新型冠狀病毒（COVID-19）疫情成為全球社會(huì)共同面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，對于全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展造成了嚴(yán)重影響。當(dāng)前，全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展還存在區(qū)域不平衡、食物供給不充分的問題。

認(rèn)識(shí)到，南南和三方合作，是基于平等、團(tuán)結(jié)、互信的有效援助機(jī)制，有助于推動(dòng)互利共贏，對于促進(jìn)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖綠色健康發(fā)展，改善水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，提高從業(yè)者技術(shù)水平，增加科技對水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)，升級水產(chǎn)品加工流通體系，縮小不同國家水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖差距具有重要作用，必將對促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)勁、可持續(xù)、平衡、包容增長發(fā)揮重要影響。

為此，我們倡議：

一、支持綠色低碳、循環(huán)、環(huán)境友好的發(fā)展理念，統(tǒng)籌水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展過程中經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)、環(huán)境保護(hù)建設(shè)的關(guān)系，支持因地制宜、分類施策，探索以綠色發(fā)展為導(dǎo)向的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。我們支持推動(dòng)國際社會(huì)加強(qiáng)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖科技創(chuàng)新，降低水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖科技應(yīng)用成本，強(qiáng)化水生生物多樣性保護(hù)，可持續(xù)利用優(yōu)良水產(chǎn)種質(zhì)資源。開展水生生物遺傳資源共享、互惠，包括遺傳育種、養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)、營養(yǎng)飼料、疾病防治、生物安全、數(shù)字創(chuàng)新和人工智能等新技術(shù)新方法研究和開發(fā)，為水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供有力的科技支撐。

二、鼓勵(lì)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)先進(jìn)國家和利益相關(guān)者通過南南與三方合作，向廣大發(fā)展中國家和地區(qū)提供技術(shù)支持。鼓勵(lì)各利益相關(guān)方充分利用聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織南南合作機(jī)制和“手拉手”倡議，共建聯(lián)盟以及人才培養(yǎng)和聯(lián)合研究平臺(tái)，構(gòu)建水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和資源共享平臺(tái)，推廣池塘生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖、稻漁綜合種養(yǎng)、循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖、鹽堿水漁農(nóng)綜合利用、多營養(yǎng)層次綜合養(yǎng)殖等生態(tài)增養(yǎng)殖模式的創(chuàng)新解決方案，推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代水產(chǎn)示范園區(qū)建設(shè)，促進(jìn)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展、養(yǎng)殖空間規(guī)劃、湖泊和水庫環(huán)境承載力管理、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖治理最佳實(shí)踐分享，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程的目標(biāo)。

三、建議在南南和三方合作的基礎(chǔ)上，充分發(fā)揮每個(gè)援助國的比較優(yōu)勢，加強(qiáng)區(qū)域性水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖人才培養(yǎng)和能力建設(shè)的合作，推動(dòng)利益相關(guān)方共享知識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)。通過南南和三方合作，促進(jìn)區(qū)域和次區(qū)域?qū)用娴穆?lián)合行動(dòng)，確保多國開展水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)管理，共享水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖資源。共同推動(dòng)后疫情時(shí)期區(qū)域和全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖生產(chǎn)、加工、貿(mào)易環(huán)節(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級和國際合作。努力構(gòu)建穩(wěn)健的全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，提升全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖人才培養(yǎng)能力，推進(jìn)建立水產(chǎn)品檢驗(yàn)檢疫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和追溯制度國際互認(rèn)。

四、呼吁國際社會(huì)積極行動(dòng)起來，鼓勵(lì)和支持青年和婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)就業(yè)，在通過水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖減緩貧窮與饑餓的同時(shí)，有效創(chuàng)造就業(yè)、實(shí)現(xiàn)性別平等，保障傳統(tǒng)漁民的生計(jì)；建立可持續(xù)投資和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理體系，制定公私合營伙伴計(jì)劃，增強(qiáng)全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展在面臨氣候變化、極端天氣和自然災(zāi)害等影響時(shí)的抵御力，推動(dòng)災(zāi)后、疫后水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。

我們倡議，團(tuán)結(jié)合作、機(jī)遇共享、共同發(fā)展，推進(jìn)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實(shí)合作，共同促進(jìn)全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展，為保障全球糧食安全、增進(jìn)人民福祉、推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。

英文版：

NITIATIVE ON PROMOTING THE SOUTH-SOUTH AND TRIANGULAR COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People’s Republic of China held a high-level roundtable meeting on South-South and Triangular Cooperation in Shanghai, China on September 24, 2021, to promote the sustainable development of aquaculture, among others through exchanges and mutual cooperation, and "Hand-in-Hand" Initiative of FAO, and as a contribution to achieving the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

Recall the importance of The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries adopted by FAO in 1995, The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development issued by the United Nations on September 25, 2015, and The 2021 COFI Declaration for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture endorsed by FAO in 2021, to guide our efforts towards sustainable aquaculture development.

Recognize that aquaculture is a key industry not only for its contribution to food security and nutrition strategies at all levels, but also its contributions to social progress, economic development, gender equality, employment, and sustainable biodiversity use. In 2019, the total global output of fish products reached 178 million tons, of which aquaculture contributed 85.3 million tons, and over 50% of all fish directed for human consumption. Promoting the sustainable development of aquaculture helps eliminate global poverty and hunger, provides high-quality protein and micronutrients, facilitates the transformation of food systems, encourages the development of small-scale households, and has great potential to contribute to carbon neutrality and circular economy objectives.

Notice that global climate change and the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have become common challenges faced by the international community, imposing a serious impact on the sustainable development of the global aquaculture industry. Meanwhile, the current development of aquaculture worldwide is still geographically unbalanced and is insufficient to meet food demands.

Recognize that South-South and Triangular Cooperation is an effective assistance mechanism based on equality, solidarity and mutual trust. It delivers mutual benefits, which can be significant for promoting and scaling up the healthy development of aquaculture. Such mechanism could improve infrastructure, upskill technical workforces, increase the development of technological solutions, and help upgrade processing and distribution systems, while narrowing the production gap between countries. This would exert a significant impact in promoting a strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth of the world economy.

Consequently, we propose:

1. Support the development of low-carbon, circular and environment-friendly aquaculture. We need to balance the relationship between economic development and social and environmental protection in the development of aquaculture, taking measures tailored to local conditions, and explore high-quality development guided by low developmental footprints. We support the international community to further strengthen scientific and technological innovation in aquaculture, the development of aquaculture technology by low cost, and improve the conservation and sustainable use of aquatic biodiversity. This requires mutual access and benefit sharing of aquatic genetic resources, including research and development (R&D) on new technologies and methods such as genetic breeding, aquaculture technology, aquaculture feed production, feed ingredients, disease prevention, treatment and biosecurity control, digital innovation, and artificial intelligence, so as to provide a strong scientific and technological assistance for sustainable aquaculture development.

2. Encourage countries and stakeholders with advanced aquaculture technologies to offer technical support to developing countries and regions through South-South and Triangular Cooperation, making full use of FAO’s South-South Cooperation mechanism and the “Hand-in-Hand” Initiative to jointly build alliances, capacity development and joint research, technology transfer and resource sharing platforms, and promote innovative solutions such as pond farming, integrated rice and fish farming, recirculating systems, saline and alkaline lands integrated agro-aquaculture system, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, and other nature-based aquaculture models, boosting modern aquaculture demonstration parks, accelerating the sustainable development of aquaculture, marine spatial planning, lake/reservoir carrying capacity management, sharing best practices in aquaculture governance, and thus achieve the goals of The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

3. Propose that, on the basis of South-South and Triangular Cooperation, the comparative advantages of each provider country should be fully leveraged to enhance regional cooperation on aquaculture talent training and capacity building, and promote the sharing of knowledge and experience among stakeholders. Collective actions at regional and sub-regional level should be fostered through South-South and Triangular Cooperation to ensure a sustainable management and use of aquaculture resources that are jointly shared by multiple countries. Joint efforts should be made to promote the transformation and upgrading as well as international cooperation of regional and global aquaculture production, processing and trade in the post-pandemic period. Furthermore, efforts should be made to build robust global aquaculture industry chains, enhance global aquaculture talent training capabilities, and gear up the establishment of international mutual recognition of aquatic product inspection and quarantine standards and traceability systems.

4. Call on the international community to take active actions, encourage and support youth’s and women’s entrepreneurship and employment initiatives, achieve gender equality and safeguard the livelihood of traditional aquatic farmers while reducing poverty and hunger through aquaculture. We call on countries across the globe to establish sustainable investment and risk management systems and formulate public-private partnership programmes to enhance the resilience of global aquaculture development in the face of climate change, extreme weather and natural disasters, and to promote the sustainable development and economic recovery of aquaculture in the post-disaster and post-pandemic periods.

We call for stronger solidarity, shared opportunities, and closer practical cooperation in various fields of aquaculture, so as to jointly promote the sustainable development of global aquaculture, and make greater contribution to ensuring global food security, improving people’s well-being, and building a community with a shared future for mankind.

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