世界各地多條河流發(fā)現(xiàn)藥品殘留 威脅水生物和人類健康

一份新報告指出，藥物污染已經(jīng)蔓延至全球河流，世界各地的河道中普遍發(fā)現(xiàn)藥物殘余，其中最常見的是治療糖尿病和癲癇的藥物。抽樣檢測發(fā)現(xiàn)，受污染最嚴重的河流大多在中低收入國家，冰島、挪威和亞馬遜雨林的河流是受污染最輕的。

[Photo/Pexels]

Pollution of the world's rivers from medicines and pharmaceutical products poses a "threat to environmental and global health", a report says.

一份報告稱，藥品對世界河流的污染對“環(huán)境和全球人類的健康形成了威脅”。

Paracetamol, nicotine, caffeine and epilepsy and diabetes drugs were widely detected in a University of York study.

約克大學的一項研究在世界多地的河流廣泛檢測到撲熱息痛、尼古丁、咖啡因還有治療癲癇和糖尿病的藥物。

Rivers in Pakistan, Bolivia and Ethiopia were among the most polluted. Rivers in Iceland, Norway and the Amazon rainforest fared the best.

巴基斯坦、玻利維亞和埃塞俄比亞的河流是污染最嚴重的。冰島、挪威和亞馬遜雨林的河流是污染最輕的。

The impact of many of the most common pharmaceutical compounds in rivers is still largely unknown.

河流中檢測到的許多最常見的藥品化合物會造成什么影響很大程度上還是未知數(shù)。

But it is already well established that dissolved human contraceptives can impact the development and reproduction of fish, and scientists fear the increased presence of antibiotics in rivers could limit their effectiveness as medicines.

但是現(xiàn)在確定無疑的是，溶解在水中的人類避孕藥會影響魚類的發(fā)育和繁殖?？茖W家擔心河流中所含的抗生素日益增多會限制抗生素作為藥品的有效性。

The study sampled water from more than 1,000 test sites in more than 100 countries.

該研究對上百個國家的1000多個測試點的水進行了抽樣檢測。

Overall, more than a quarter of the 258 rivers sampled had what are known as "active pharmaceutical ingredients" present at a level deemed unsafe for aquatic organisms.

總體上，抽樣檢測的258條河流中有超四分之一含有所謂的“活性藥物成分”，而且已經(jīng)達到了對水生生物不安全的水平。

"What we know now is that even the most modern efficient wastewater treatment plants aren't completely capable of degrading these compounds before they end up in rivers or lakes." Dr John Wilkinson, who led the research, told BBC News.

這項研究的帶頭人約翰·威爾金森博士告訴BBC新聞頻道說：“我們現(xiàn)在知道的是，即使是最現(xiàn)代化最高效的廢水處理廠也無法完全降解這些藥品化合物后再將廢水排入河流湖泊?！?/span>

The two most frequently detected pharmaceuticals were carbamazepine, which is used to treat epilepsy and nerve pain, and metformin, used to treat diabetes.

在河流中最常檢測到的兩種藥物是治療癲癇和神經(jīng)疼痛的卡馬西平和治療糖尿病的二甲雙胍。

High concentrations were also found of so-called "lifestyle consumables" like caffeine [coffee] and nicotine [cigarettes] as well as the painkiller paracetamol.

河流中還發(fā)現(xiàn)了高濃度的咖啡因（來自咖啡）、尼古?。▉碜韵銦煟┑人^的“生活方式消費品”和鎮(zhèn)痛的撲熱息痛。

In Africa, artemisinin - used in anti-malarial medicine - was also found in high concentrations.

在非洲，抗瘧藥所含的青蒿素在河流中的濃度也很高。

The report says the increased presence of antibiotics in rivers could also lead to the development of resistant bacteria, damaging the effectiveness of medicines and ultimately posing "a global threat to environmental and global health".

報告稱，河流中的抗生素越來越多還會導致人類對抗生素的耐藥力增強，藥品的有效性減弱，最終會“對環(huán)境和全球人類的健康造成全球性威脅”。

The most polluted sites were largely in low- to middle-income countries, and in areas where there was sewage dumping, poor wastewater management and pharmaceutical manufacturing.

受污染最嚴重的河流大多在中低收入國家，以及那些傾倒污水、對廢水管理不善和生產(chǎn)藥品的地區(qū)。

The full report has been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesjournal.

完整的報告發(fā)表在期刊《美國科學院院報》上。

英文來源：BBC

來源：中國日報網(wǎng)